Electronic showerhead device

ABSTRACT

An electronic showerhead device for automatically controlling water flow includes a body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve, a presence detector located within the body, and a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the body. The primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on. Subsequent interruption of the presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the first water channel. The presence detector includes an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit of PCT application Serial No. PCT/US2019/062914 filed on Nov. 25, 2019 and entitled ELECTRONIC SHOWERHEAD DEVICE, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an electronic showerhead device and a method for automatically controlling water flow in an electronic showerhead device and in particular to an electronic showerhead device that includes an integrated power source and a sensor for automatically regulating the water flow.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Automatic flow control for a showerhead usually involves detection of a user by a presence detector followed by activation of a valve that controls the water flow by the presence detector. The presence detector may be located near a faucet handle of a shower or within the showerhead. Most of the prior art electronic showerheads with automatic flow control require external electrical power and sensor placement by qualified technicians, which makes them difficult to install and expensive for retro-fitting existing showerheads.

Furthermore, the location of the presence detector is critical in order to avoid self-triggering of the showerhead or getting the showerhead valve locked in the ON position. Also, the presence detector is sensitive to the distance and the angle between the showerhead and the user and their performance is affected by the height and perimeter of the user.

Accordingly, there is a need for a water saving showerhead device that reliably and consistently turns the water automatically on when a user enters the sensing area and turns the water automatically off when the user is not in the sensing area for users with different heights and perimeters. There is also a need for an electronic showerhead that does not present the problems of self-triggering or locking the showerhead valve in the ON or OFF positions. There is also a need for an electronic showerhead that allows for a user to retrofit a conventional showerhead and attach the electronic showerhead without the need of special tools, special plumbing or electrical connections or an electrician or a plumber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In general, in one aspect, the invention features an electronic showerhead device for automatically controlling water flow including a body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve, a presence detector located within the body, and a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the body. The primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on. Subsequent interruption of the presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the first water channel. The presence detector includes an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).

Implementations of this aspect of the invention include one or more of the following. The IR proximity sensor includes at least one IR emitter and at least one IR receiver. The IR emitter emits at least one conically shaped IR presence interrogation light beam and the IR receiver detects IR light reflected by a person or an object interrupting the IR light beam and generates an IR receiver signal. Presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a variation of the IR receiver signal. The visible light sensor detects ambient visible light. Presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a variation of the detected visible light. The electronic showerhead device further includes a computing processing unit (CPU) and an application comprising computer executable instructions configured to receive and compare the IR receiver signal and the VLS signal in order to determine presence of a person or an object within the presence interrogation beam area with high accuracy and reduced false negatives. The IR emitter is separated by the IR receiver by a distance of at least 1.5 cm. The IR proximity sensor and the VLS sensor are integrated in a sensor housing comprising light absorbing material. The sensor housing comprises a cover transparent to visible light. The electronic showerhead device further includes an electronically controlled valve and the electronically controlled valve is in-line with the first water channel and is activated by the presence detector. The electronic showerhead device further includes a second water channel providing a secondary water stream exiting the body, and the second water channel is connected to the main water channel. Turning on the main water valve turns on only the secondary water stream, while the primary water stream remains off. The conically shaped IR presence interrogation beam comprises a cone angle in the range of 10 degrees to 45 degrees.

In general, in another aspect, the invention features a water delivering device for automatically controlling water flow including a main body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve, a presence detector located within the main body, and a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the main body. The first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on. Subsequent interruption of a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream. The presence detector comprises an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).

In general, in another aspect, the invention features a method for automatically controlling water flow in an electronic showerhead device including providing a body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve. Next, providing a presence detector located within the body. Next, providing a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the body. The first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on. Subsequently interrupting a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream. The presence detector includes an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, the drawings and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts an electronic showerhead device of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a transparent side view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an exploded front view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the solenoid of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the battery pack of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10A is a bottom view of the bottom component of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10B is a top view of the bottom component of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11A is a top view of the top component of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11B is a bottom view of the top component of FIG. 7;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the sensor of FIG. 7;

FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of the operating showerhead device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the showerhead device;

FIG. 15 is an exploded view of the embodiment of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is bottom view of the embodiment of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a top view of the embodiment of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is a side view of the embodiment of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 19-FIG. 23 depict schematic diagrams of the operation steps of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 24 depicts a block diagram of the temperature sensor control system of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 25-FIG. 27 depict schematic diagrams of the main water flow and the secondary water flow (signal stream) of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 28 depicts a block diagram of the generator and the energy storage system of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 29 depicts a block diagram of the electronics system diagram of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 30 depicts a logic diagram of the ON/OFF valve, sensors and user positions of the showerhead device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 31 depicts another embodiment of an electronic showerhead device of this invention;

FIG. 32 is an exploded view of the electronic showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a prior art proximity sensor;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of an improved proximity sensor used in the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of area A in the showerhead device of FIG. 31 and depicts the components of the proximity sensor;

FIG. 36 depicts a schematic diagram of the operation of the VLS sensor;

FIG. 37 depicts the IR sensor signal and the VLS signal;

FIG. 38 depicts the IR sensor signal and the VLS signal for a person with dark hair;

FIG. 39 depicts the use of the combination of the IR sensor signal and the VLS signal to determine the presence of a person with dark hair;

FIG. 40 depicts the algorithmic logic of using the combination of the IR sensor signal and the VLS signal to determine the presence of a person within the presence interrogation area and to turn on and off the water;

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of the housing of the improved proximity sensor used in the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 42 is a front cross-sectional view of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 43 is another cross-sectional view of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 44 is another cross-sectional view of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view of the in-line generator of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of the space for the in-line generator of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 47 is a perspective view of the bottom surface of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 48 is a front view of the bottom surface of the showerhead device of FIG. 31;

FIG. 49A is a top perspective view of the generator cap;

FIG. 49B is a bottom perspective view of the generator cap;

FIG. 49C is a cross-sectional view of the generator cap;

FIG. 50A is a front perspective view of the generator;

FIG. 50B is a top perspective view of the generator;

FIG. 50C is a cross-sectional view of the generator;

FIG. 51A is a front perspective view of the midframe;

FIG. 51B is a top view of the midframe;

FIG. 51C is a cross-sectional view of the midframe; and

FIG. 51D is a bottom view of the midframe.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an electronic showerhead device that includes an integrated power source and a sensor for automatically regulating the water flow.

Referring to FIG. 1, electronic showerhead device 100 according to this invention includes a hollow dome-shaped top cover 102 and a two-component bottom portion 101. Bottom portion 101 includes a top component 104 and a bottom component 106. The showerhead device is attached to an inlet water pipe 92 at the top. The bottom surface 106 a of bottom component 106 includes an area A with openings 110 arranged so that they form a spray nozzle. In operation, water 90 enters the showerhead 100 through the inlet pipe 92 and exits through openings 110 and forms a parabolic water stream 180, as shown in FIG. 13. Bottom surface 106 a of the bottom component 106 also includes a sensor 108 protruding from an opening in area B of the bottom surface adjacent to area A. Sensor 108 is an Infrared (IR) sensor that emits a conical shaped IR beam 150 that extends above and adjacent to the water stream 180. In some embodiments, the conical shaped IR beam 150 is tangential to the water stream 180. Sensor 108 looks for reflected beam signals, and turns “ON” when a certain threshold of reflected IR energy is met or exceeded. Sensor 108 controls an ON/OFF valve for the water stream, as will be described below. In other embodiments, sensor 108 is a radar sensor or a capacitor sensor. Bottom surface 106 a of the bottom component 106 also includes a power ON/OFF switch 112 that controls the flow of electrical power to the showerhead device 100, as shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the electronic showerhead device 100 also includes an electronically controlled valve 120 and a battery pack 130 that are located within the hollow dome-shaped top cover 102 above the two-component bottom portion 101. In one example, the electronically controlled valve is an electromagnetic solenoid 120 that is in-line with the inlet water pipe 92 and is configured to receive an electrical signal from the IR sensor 108 and to turn ON or OFF the flow of water 90 in the water stream 180. Electromagnetic solenoid 120 is a “latching” solenoid that utilizes a permanent magnet to maintain a set position without the constant application of an external electrical current. The latching solenoid 120 requires energy only for transitioning between the ON and OFF states and thus it is suitable for low power applications. Battery pack 130 is waterproof sealed and includes batteries that provide power to the electronic showerhead 100. Battery pack 130 is located above the bottom component 101 within the area 190 that is normally dry. In one example, the battery pack is sealed closed with an O-ring and this prevents exposure of the battery to humidity or accidental splash back.

Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 10A-FIG. 11B, the two-component bottom portion 101 includes the top component 104 that is stacked above the bottom component 106 and an O-ring 115 arranged between the top and bottom components 104, 106. The two components 104 and 106 are held together with screws 107 that are threaded through recessed through-openings 107 a formed in the perimeters of the top and bottom components 104, 106. Screws 107 are not visible from the top or the side of the showerhead and are accessible from the bottom surface 106 a of the bottom component 106. The bottom surface 104 b of the top component 104 includes a recessed area 105 and the top surface 106 b of the bottom component 106 includes a recessed area 109. Recessed areas 105 and 109 are arranged opposite to each other and are sealed closed together with the O-ring 115 that is placed within a groove 115 a surrounding the recessed area 109. A closed sealed space 200 is formed between the recessed areas 105 and 109 and water exiting the inlet pipe 92 from the bottom 121 of the solenoid 120 enters the closed sealed space 200 and exits through the openings 110 in the bottom component 106. This arrangement of the top and bottom components 104, 106 keeps the water flow within the small volume of the closed and sealed space 200 between the recessed areas 105 and 109, while the remaining components remain dry on top of the bottom portion 101. The volume in space 200 is constrained in size such that it best meets the following two requirements:

-   -   a) Large enough to serve as a constant-pressure reservoir for         all nozzles (in the limit where it becomes smaller and smaller,         the downstream nozzles get less flow than upstream ones)     -   b) Small enough to keep the device compact and preserve dry         space for other components within the showerhead. Keeping it         small also helps to decrease the thermal mass of the showerhead,         resulting in quicker warm-up times for the shower when it is         first started at the beginning of a shower session.         Additionally, a smaller space results in the reduction of         hydrostatic pressure forces on the system, enabling further         weight reduction and ease of manufacture.

The top component 104 includes a through-opening 116 that is configured to receive the exiting pipe 121 from the solenoid 120. Top component 104 also includes through openings 118 a and 119 a that are shaped and dimensioned to receive the ON/OFF power switch 112 and the sensor 108, respectively. Bottom component 106 also includes through openings 118 b and 119 b that are concentric and coaxially arranged with openings 118 a, 119 a and are also shaped and dimensioned to receive the ON/OFF switch 112 and the sensor 108. In one example, the two-component bottom portion 101 is made of metal and the top cover 102 is made of plastic that may be colored.

Referring to FIG. 13, in operation, when a person or an object steps under the showerhead device 100, the IR beam 150 is interrupted and the sensor 108 sends a signal to the solenoid 120 that turns the flow of the water in the water stream 180 on. When the person or the object steps away from the showerhead device 100, the IR beam 150 reverts to an uninterrupted state and the sensor 108 sends another signal to the solenoid 120 that turns the flow of the water in the water stream 180 off. In order to ensure reliable and repeatable operation of the ON/OFF function, the sensor 108 is positioned in area B, that is not within but away and above the openings 110 that form the spray nozzle in area A. In this arrangement the water starts to flow below the sensor 108 and continues to fall away from the sensor 108 and forms the parabolic water stream 180 that curves away from the sensing IR beam 150. This geometric configuration is critical for the reliable operation of the sensor 108, because it prevents auto-triggering and any unintended persistence of the sensor 108 in the ON-position. This design also provides adequate water flow in the water stream 180 for providing satisfactory shower coverage and experience. In the example of FIG. 13, the showerhead 100 is arranged at an angle a2 relative to the horizontal axis X and the sensor 108 is positioned at a distance d1 away and above the openings 110 in area A, and is oriented so that it is parallel to the bottom surface of bottom component 106. In some embodiments distance d1 is adjustable. In other embodiments, sensor 108 is mounted on a pivoting gimbal so that the angle between the sensor 108 and the bottom surface of the bottom component 106 is also adjustable. The IR sensing zone 150 is arranged so that it forms a conical beam having an internal cone angle a1. The ON/OFF power switch 112 for the electrical power is co-located within the IR sensing zone 150 and is set so that when a user powers the showerhead device OFF, the solenoid 120 is first latched into the “open” state. In this “open”/OFF state, the electronic showerhead 100 functions like a typical showerhead that is controlled by manual valves. Sensor 108 may also be programmed to switch the solenoid 120 into the “open” state prior to powering off.

Furthermore, in order for the showerhead 100 to work as an intermittent showerhead that is responsive to people of average size, the shower sensor 108 needs to have a suitable detection range 160. In one example, the target sense distance 160 is in the range of 12″ to 24″ inches. In order for the shower stream 180 to be pleasant to the user and for the sensor to be inexpensive, the detection area 150 must not be a line but rather a region of space. This is accomplished by selecting a sensor 108 with an adequate cone angle a1. Introducing a wide detection area 150, however, opens up the possibility of sensor self-triggering events in which the water emanating from the showerhead 100 triggers the sensor 108 to remain activated temporarily or indefinitely, whether or not a person is in fact in the detection area 150. In order to avoid such a problem, the detection area beam 150 must not (or only minimally) intersect the flow path of water 180. There are many variables that govern this relationship, which are described in more detail below. The key variables that determine the “sweet spot” area 170 include the sensor placement distance d1, the sensing beam cone angle a1, the angle a2 of the showerhead relative to axis X (i.e., the floor), the angle of the sensor 108 relative to the bottom surface of 106 and the water nozzle size (i.e., diameter of openings 110) and number.

-   -   i) Sensor placement relative to water exit, distance d1. The         farther the sensor 108 is away from the water exit, the less         likely self-detection is. However for aesthetic and usability         purposes, this distance d1 should be kept to a minimum. For         example, if the sensor 108 is too far away from the water stream         180, the trigger zone won't be in a flow area—the user will turn         on the shower but not get wet. In one example, this distance d1         is in the range of 0.5″ to 2″ inches. In another example,         distance d1 is 1.375″ inches. In other examples, d1 is         adjustable.     -   ii) Sensor internal cone angle (a1). Decreasing this angle a1         minimizes the probability of self-detection, but also shrinks         the trigger zone. In one example this angle a1 is in the range         of 10 to 45 degrees. In another example, a1 is 15 degrees.     -   iii) Angle of the showerhead relative to floor (a2). In one         example, this angle is user-adjustable, ranging from about 35         degrees to about 60 degrees. This angle affects the trajectory         of the water exiting from the shower, which is additionally         influenced by gravity. The shower must work as intended         throughout this range.     -   iv) Angle (a3) of the sensor 108 relative to the bottom surface         of the bottom component 106 of the showerhead. In one example,         this angle is 90 degrees (the sensing beam emanates the shower         at the same slope as the water). Decreasing this angle, so that         the beam points away from the water, increases the maximum         sensing distance, at the expense of an increased disparity         between the sense area and flow area.     -   v) Water nozzle size and number. The smaller the diameter of the         nozzles/openings 110 is (and the fewer nozzles there are), the         faster the water will exit the shower and the straighter (less         curved) its parabolic trajectory 160 will be. It is possible to         tune the nozzle diameter and shape so that the tangency point         between the water path 180 and the sensor cone 150 (either         coincident to or offset from the sensor cone) is as close as         possible to the target range (˜12-24″ in one example). This         tangency allows for the watered area to be as close as possible         to the sensor area without a self-trigger event, over the         greatest vertical delta (to accommodate users of different         heights). This defines the “sweet spot” area 170. Tuning water         nozzle size also affects how much the nozzles “mist,” which can         in turn affect the likelihood of self-trigger events. Lastly,         tuning water nozzle size and number also affects the feel of the         shower (in pressure and volume of water) and therefore should         maintain comfortable shower conditions throughout realistic         shower flow rates. In one example, the nozzle diameter is 0.040″         inch and there are a total of 50 nozzles.

Among the advantages of this invention may be one or more of the following. The electronic showerhead device of this invention is a water (and by extension energy) saving device because it turns the water automatically on when the user enters the sensing area and turns the water automatically off when the user is not in the sensing area, thereby reducing overall water consumption along with the energy that would be required to heat and pump that water. The electronic showerhead of this invention reliably and consistently turns the water automatically on when a user enters the sensing area and turns the water automatically off when the user is not in the sensing area for users with different heights and perimeters. The electronic showerhead device of this invention does not present the problems of self-triggering or locking the showerhead valve in the ON or OFF positions. The self-contained power source allows for a user to retrofit a conventional showerhead and attach the electronic showerhead without the need for special tools, special plumbing or electrical connections or an electrician or a plumber.

Referring to FIG. 14-FIG. 18, another embodiment of an electronic showerhead device 200 according to this invention includes a showerhead 201, a solenoid valve 220, a main flow stream 91 and a secondary flow stream 94. Showerhead 201 includes a flat top component 202 and a flat bottom component 206. A cavity 203 is formed within the inner side 206 b of the bottom component 206 as shown in FIG. 15. The showerhead 201 is attached to an inlet water pipe 92 (also shown in FIG. 1) at the top via a swivel joint 260. The solenoid valve 220 is positioned inline with the incoming water stream 90 between the swivel joint 260 and the top component 202 of the showerhead 201. Water exiting the solenoid valve 220 forms the main flow stream 91. The secondary flow stream 94 is provided by a pipe 223 extending from the main inlet pipe 92 and leading to the top component 202.

Referring to FIG. 16, the bottom surface 206 a of the bottom component 206 includes an area A with openings 210 arranged so that they form a spray nozzle. In operation, water 90 enters the showerhead 201 through the inlet pipe 92 and exits through openings 210 and forms a parabolic water stream 180, as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 19. Bottom surface 206 a of the bottom component 206 also includes a proximity sensor 208 located in area B of the bottom surface adjacent to area A. In one example, proximity sensor 208 is an Infrared (IR) sensor that emits a conical shaped IR beam 150 that extends above and adjacent to the exiting water stream 180. In some embodiments, the conical shaped IR beam 150 is tangential to the water stream 180. Sensor 208 looks for reflected beam signals, and turns “ON” the solenoid valve 220 when a certain threshold of reflected IR energy is met or exceeded, thereby allowing water stream 180 to flow. When the certain threshold of reflected IR energy is not met, sensor 208 turns “OFF” the solenoid valve 220 and the water stream 180 is interrupted. Bottom surface 206 a of the bottom component 206 also includes a temperature sensor 235 that measures the temperature of water 90 (either directly or indirectly via temperature measurement of surrounding enclosure(s)) and also controls the ON/OFF function of the solenoid valve 220 via a micro-controller unit (MCU) 250, as shown in FIG. 24. Temperature sensor 235, proximity sensor 208 and MCU 250 are assembled onto a printed circuit board (PCB) 238, which is located in area B of the bottom surface 206 a. A sensor lens 239 covers the PCB 238 and protects the electronic components.

Referring to FIG. 29, the overall electronic system diagram 280 of the showerhead device 200 includes an inline generator 240, an energy storage system 244, a power regulator 245, a microcontroller 250, the solenoid 220, the temperature sensor 235, switch 236, and the proximity sensor 208. The switch 236 is configured with the MCU 250 so that when a user powers the showerhead device “OFF” (“manual mode”), the solenoid 220 is latched into the “open” state. In this “open”/OFF state, the electronic showerhead 200 functions like a typical showerhead that is controlled by manual valves. In this embodiment, switch 236 is connected to the MCU 250 and is also used to adjust the sensitivity/threshold of sensors 208 and 235.

Typically, a user turns on a showerhead handle to activate the water flow through the showerhead. In the first initial minutes, the remnant cold water from the pipes is purged and then warmer water starts to flow through the showerhead. This cold water purging process of turning on the showerhead and waiting for it to get hot is a common nuisance problem for many people, and also represents a big source of wasted water and energy, as the users often overestimate the warm-up period and send hot water down the drain that could have been used to shower with. The purpose of the temperature sensor 235 is to automate this initial cold water purging process. As shown in FIG. 24, the output of the temperature sensor 235 is sent to the microcontroller 250 and the microcontroller 250 sends a control output signal to the solenoid valve 220 based on the water temperature reading. The control output signal that the MCU 250 sends to the solenoid 220 controls the ON/OFF operation of the solenoid and thereby the flow of the water stream 180.

Referring to FIG. 25, this embodiment of the showerhead device 200 also includes a secondary flow stream 94 provided by pipe 223 (shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15). The secondary flow stream 94 provides a reduced flow exiting water stream 182 (shown in FIG. 20) that resolves a number of issues that may occur including the following:

-   -   Users forget to turn the main water-handle valve to the off         position after finishing their shower.     -   Unintended changes in water temperature can result from         prolonged pause periods.

Unintended changes in water temperature usually happen when the shower is hooked up to a tankless water heater which shuts down once load is removed. Unintended water temperature changes may also occur when the plumbing system lacks check-valves, and is prone to “back-flow,” which primes the system with hot or cold water during the shower pause periods. Maintaining a reduced flow exiting water stream 182 during the shower pause periods reduces or eliminates these problems for the vast majority of users. In one example, the reduced flow water stream 182 has a flow rate between 0.1 and 1.0 gallons per minute. The secondary flow stream 94 is implemented as having a fixed flow rate, as shown in FIG. 25. In the embodiment of FIG. 26, the secondary flow stream 94 is implemented as having an adjustable flow rate. An adjustable flow rate valve 275 is placed in line with the secondary flow stream 94. In yet another embodiment, the secondary flow stream 94 has a flow rate that can be step-wise adjusted by using nozzles 270 of different sizes that lead to different flow rates, as shown in FIG. 27. In yet other embodiments, the secondary flow stream 94 is implemented via a 3-way valve.

This embodiment of the showerhead device 200 also includes an internal generator 240 and an energy storage system 244. Generator 240 is located within cavity 203, as shown in FIG. 15 and is covered with a generator cap 242. Energy storage system 244 is located on top of the top cavity cover 202. Generator 240 is powered by the water flow through the main flow 91 and stores energy in the energy storage system 244. The stored energy is used to power the electronic components 238 of the showerhead device 200, as shown schematically in FIG. 28. In one example, generator 240 is a turbine system. Including a water-powered generator 240 in the showerhead device eliminates the need for users to replace batteries, which adds to the convenience of the device and also makes it more eco-friendly, by reducing the waste associated with depleted battery disposal. The generator output may also be used as a signal to indicate when the main flow 91 is activated. This process generates data which can be used to enable an accurate calculation of overall water usage and water savings. The water-powered generator 240 is designed to provide ample power to enable the showerhead device operation. Excess power generated by the generator 240 is diverted to the energy storage system 244. Usable energy is generated when the main flow path 91 is open. In other embodiments, the generator 240 is designed to create useable voltages/current from the secondary signal stream 94, as well. The energy storage system 244 is charged by the generator 240, and when the water is paused or partially restricted, the sensors 235, 208 continue to function via the energy in the energy storage system 244, as shown in FIG. 28. In one example, the energy storage system 244 includes a battery and/or a capacitor.

The operation of the showerhead device 200 is described with reference to FIG. 19-FIG. 23. Initially the user turns on the showerhead handle and water flows through the inlet pipe 92 into the showerhead 201, as shown in FIG. 19 (302). The valve 220 starts in the “open” position such that water flows through the main flow steam 91 and through the secondary flow stream 94 and forms the main exiting water stream 180 and the secondary exiting water stream 182, respectively, while remnant cold water from the pipes is being purged. The in-line generator 240 generates power from that cold water flow, and the power is used to power the device as well as to charge the internal energy storage system 244. In this phase, the temperature sensor 235 registers a “cold” temperature 235 c, which is a temperature below a predetermined threshold value. Once the cold water has been purged and the water reaches a predetermined ‘hot” temperature 235 h, the solenoid valve 220 is turned off by the MCU 250 and the main water flow stream 91 is paused, while the secondary reduced flow “signal stream” 94 remains flowing resulting in having only the exiting water stream 182, as shown in FIG. 20 (304). In one example, the predetermined threshold temperature is 37° C. At this point the proximity sensor 208, and the temperature sensor 235 are powered by the energy storage system 244, and the device 200 is waiting for the user 80 to enter the shower. Next, the user 80 enters the shower area and is detected by the proximity sensor 208. The proximity sensor 208 then turns on solenoid 220 and the main water stream 91 opens up resulting in having the main exiting water stream 180 back on in order to provide a full-slow shower experience, as shown in FIG. 21 (306). If the user 80 steps away from the showerhead 201, water through the main flow 91 is temporarily paused while the “signal stream” through the secondary flow 94 remains open, as shown in FIG. 22 (308). This again results in turning the main exiting water stream 180 off, while the secondary existing water stream 182 is unaffected. Full water flow including both main exiting water stream 180 and secondary exiting water stream 182 resumes again when the user 80 steps back underneath the showerhead 200 and is detected by the sensor 208, as shown in FIG. 23 (310). The logic diagram of the valve, sensors and user positions is also depicted in FIG. 30.

Referring to FIG. 31-FIG. 51D, another embodiment of an electronic showerhead device 400 according to this invention includes a showerhead 401, connecting to an inlet water pipe 92. Showerhead 401 includes a flat top component 402, a midframe 404 and a flat bottom component 406. Midframe 404 is located in the space formed between the top side 406 b of the bottom component 406 and the bottom side 402 b of the top component 402, as shown in FIG. 32. The showerhead 401 is attached to the inlet water pipe 92 at the top via a swivel joint 462. Bottom component 406 includes openings 410 arranged so that they form a spray nozzle. Bottom surface 406 a of the bottom component 406 also includes proximity sensors 422 including emitter sensors 408 and receiver sensors 409 located in the low perimeter area A of the bottom surface 406 a. In one example, emitter sensors 408 are IR sensors that emit IR beams that extend below and adjacent to the exiting water stream. Receiver sensors 409 receive reflected IR and visible light signals, and turn “ON” the solenoid valve 420 when a certain threshold of reflected IR and visible light is met or exceeded, thereby allowing water stream to flow. When the certain threshold of reflected IR and visible light is not met, sensor 409 turns “OFF” a solenoid valve 420 and the water stream is interrupted. Bottom surface 406 a of the bottom component 406 also includes a temperature sensor 235 that measures the temperature of water 90 (either directly or indirectly via temperature measurement of surrounding enclosure(s)) and also controls the ON/OFF function of the solenoid valve 420 via a micro-controller unit (MCU) 250, as shown in FIG. 24. Temperature sensor 235, and proximity sensors 408, 409 connect to the MCU 250 which is assembled onto a printed circuit board (PCB) 238, as shown in FIG. 16. PCB 238 is located in a watertight space 405 formed on the midframe 404. The top of space 405 is covered with the PCB cap 405 a and the bottom of space 405 is covered by a transparent cover 406 c that protects the electronic components, as shown in FIG. 42. Top component 402 also includes a manual switch 465 for manual operation of the showerhead 400. This embodiment of the showerhead device 400 also includes an internal generator 440 that includes a rotor 444, shown in FIG. 50A-FIG. 50C. Generator rotor 444 is located within cavity 443 formed on the midframe 404. Cavity 443 is covered with a generator cap 442 and sealed with an O-ring. Generator rotor 444 is powered by the water flow 90, as will be described below.

Referring to FIG. 33, a typical IR proximity sensor 480 includes an IR emitter 482 and an IR receiver 484 that are usually located close to each other and are integrated into a single sensor module. The IR proximity sensor 480 determines the distance of an object 80, via a time-of-flight (TOF) measurement, whereby IR light emitted by emitter 482 is reflected back by the object 80 and is detected by the receiver 482. The difference in time between the emitted IR light photons and the photons that are reflected by the object 80 and are detected by the receiver 484 is used to determine the distance separating the sensor 480 and the object 80. One of the major challenges for using such distance sensors in foggy or high humidity conditions is the high signal noise generated due to light scattering and reflecting off the water molecules 485 in the air. An example of this case is observed in a foggy shower room after a hot shower on a cold day, which easily fools traditional proximity sensors 480 into thinking that the target 80 is closer to the sensor than it is in reality due to light scattering and reflecting off of the fog/water molecules 485. A solution to this problem is to maintain an optimal distance d between the sensor receiver 409 and emitter 408, as shown in the improved sensor 422 of FIG. 34. If dense fog molecules 485 exist between the emitter sensor 408 and the target object 80, separating the emitter 408 and receiver 409 by a distance d enables a wider range of pathways for light to reflect from the target object 80 and make its way back to the receiver 409, thereby avoiding the more densely fogged area directly above the target 80, as shown in FIG. 34. Doing so reduces the chances of the light signal being affected twice (to and from) by the same group of water molecules 485, and produces a stronger signal for data processing. Furthermore, separating the emitter 408 and receiver 409 has the added benefit of reducing the chances of crosstalk between these sensing modules, despite the existence of a “fog bridge” between the two sensing modules that could pose a problem with lower separation distances. However, when the distance d between the emitter 408 and receiver 409 is too large, a stronger IR emitter 408 and a wider viewing angle is needed, which limits the practicality of the sensor 422. Higher power requirements pose problems for battery-powered electronics in particular, where long run-times require low power consumption. Furthermore, emitter/receiver distances d which are too large produce blind spots for objects in close proximity, since most of the energy from the IR emitter 408 is focused in a cone with an included angle of roughly 45° degrees. Alternatively, a specialty lenses is used to focus the IR emitter beam.

Referring to FIG. 35 and FIG. 51B, in one example, the improved sensor system 422 of the present invention includes a group of three IR sensor emitters 408 a, a group of three IR sensor emitters 408 b and a sensor receiver 409 located in the middle between sensor emitters 408 a, and sensor emitters 408 b at a distance d of 2.5 cm. In other examples distance d is in the range of 1 cm to 8 cm. Sensor receiver 409 includes an IR sensor receiver 409 a and a visible light sensor (VLS) receiver 409 b or a combination IR/visible sensor. Traditional IR sensors are dependent on the target IR reflectivity, which is a function of color, texture, and other chemical, structural and surface material properties that govern the reflection from the target surface. For the case of human presence detection, that means that there is often drastic performance variability between people of different skin tones or hair color and texture. One solution to this problem is to add a visible light sensor (VLS) into the design of the presence detection system. This second VLS sensor 409 b is capable of detecting visible light reflected off target surfaces and having wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm. The VLS sensor 409 b may be a single color or multi-color detector, potentially enabled by color filters. The VLS sensor 409 b can be pixelated or just a single area sensor. The secondary VLS 409 b sensor can be a standalone module or an integrated sub-system as part of a distance measurement sensor. In order to successfully use visible light sensor values as a proxy for distance (close proximity presence detection), we take advantage of the fact that the amount of visible light received by the sensor 409 b changes as the user 80 moves toward or away from the sensor, as shown in FIG. 36. The VLS sensor 409 b picks up a summary of ambient light “brightness”. The VLS sensor 409 b emits no visible light, and relies entirely on ambient conditions for distance measurement. In normal cases, shower surroundings, such as bathtubs, tiles, stone walls, glass walls, white walls, among others, reflect more light than the human body which has irregular surfaces, and varying skin tones. For this reason, humans are normally “dimmer” than the background setting, and result in lower VLS signal values as they approach the sensor 409 b. As shown in FIG. 36, when the user 80 gets closer to the VLS sensor 409 b, distance A 421 decreases, resulting in less lighted being reflect by the user's body and more light being reflected by the surroundings, and therefore more “contrast” is detected. This dynamic does not always hold true, as is in the case of a light-toned human skin in a dark bathroom. However such scenarios are overcome by using adaptive algorithms which effectively “learn” their surroundings and the specific human skin colors and adjust thresholds accordingly. In these cases, the additional data gathered from a VLS sensor 409 b are used to resolve issues when the target object 80 has low IR reflectivity, and would otherwise be difficult to reliably detect using traditional IR distance sensing techniques.

FIG. 37 depicts signal data 429, 428 from a VLS sensor 409 b and an IR receiver sensor 409 a, respectively. In general, higher IR signals 428 indicate that the target 80 is closer to the sensor, as more light is reflected. Accordingly, as a user steps back/away from the showerhead the IR receiver signal 428 decreases, whereas the VLS sensor signal 429 increases. As the user steps in/close to the showerhead, the VLS sensor signal 429 decreases, and the IR receiver signal 428 simultaneously increases.

FIG. 38 and FIG. 39 show how the combination of sensors can be used to successfully eliminate false negatives that could otherwise result from users with dark hair. When a user 80 has darker hair, IR light is readily absorbed and the intensity of reflected IR light decreases. The intensity of the dark hair signal 427 is similar to the decrease in the signal level 428 a when the user steps out of the shower. If one were relying only on one IR receiver sensor to detect proximity, it would be difficult to distinguish the decrease due to the dark hair absorption from the case of the user stepping away. However, from the VLS sensor data output 429 b (low intensity), we can deduce that the user is still in close proximity to the showerhead, and thereby avoid triggering a false negative. Using complementary IR and VLS sensors as described above enables a higher-accuracy proximity sensor in challenging environments.

Referring to FIG. 40, a simple algorithmic logic 500 used in combination with the IR and VLS sensors, to eliminate the risk of false negatives includes the following steps. If the water is ON, check if the IR sensor value is lower than an IR threshold (502). If No, keep the water ON (504). If Yes, check if the VLS sensor value is lower than a VLS threshold (506). If Yes, keep the water ON (504). If No, turn off the water (508).

Because the sensor suite 408 a, 408 b, 409 a, 409 b includes multiple sensor types (IR sensor and VLS sensors), we have designed the supporting sensor enclosure 422 a to enable the best performance for both sensors. The sensors 408 a, 408 b, 409 a, 409 b are integrated onto a custom designed printed circuit board (PCB) 238, that is mounted in cavity 405 of the midframe structure 404. To minimize crosstalk between the sensors, namely light leakage transmitted either through the housing of the sensor or reflected by the interfaces of sensor housing and the front plastic cover, the sensor housing 422 a material is selected to be light absorbing, as shown in FIG. 41 and FIG. 42. This is implemented either by selecting an inherently light-absorbing material for the sensor housing, or by coating the housing with a paint or pigment that absorbs light. While most IR sensors have a red-tinted front cover, which is IR transmissive, but blocks most visible light, the front cover 406 c in this embodiment is completely transparent, as shown in FIG. 42. This ensures that light can be efficiently received by the VLS sensor 409 b. In order to prevent unwanted noise caused by visible light affecting the IR receiver as a result of this fully transparent cover, a narrow-band IR receiver is used that doesn't require a heavily tinted front cover to function normally.

In order to reduce the maintenance requirements, the showerhead device 400 is powered by a built-in generator 440, shown in FIG. 50A-FIG. 50B. Once again, the unique midframe 404 design is critical in enabling the integration of the generator 440 into the showerhead device in a functional, compact, and injection-moldable fashion. Referring to FIG. 43, the primary pathway of water 90 going through the showerhead starts at the swivel ball 462, and then is gated by the latching solenoid valve 420. If the valve is open, water continues from the central orifice of the valve, headed straight into the generator chamber 443, where it spins the turbine 444 and interior magnet 446. Coils 446 s on a stator 445 which is positioned inside of the circular magnet on the rotor generate a current as a result of the changing magnetic flux. After spinning the rotor blade 444 a, the water becomes frothy and turbulent, expanding in volume. Near the exit of the generator chamber 443, there is an extra pocket of free volume 447, shown in FIG. 51A-FIG. 51B. As the water spins the micro-turbine 444, turbulent and “frothy” liquid ends up in the turbulence pocket 447, where it has space to settle without directly and negatively impacting the established rotation of the turbine. Finally, water exits the midframe 404, flowing downward from the turbulence pocket 447, where it ultimately fills the nozzle-head cavity 403 and exits from the shower nozzles 410.

The majority of plastic components throughout the system 400 are designed to be injection-moldable. The design for the hydro-electric generation system 440 is tolerant of typical variances in the size and fit of molded parts, which are generally of looser tolerances than machined components. Instead of using a positive-displacement based approach to spin the turbine (i.e. one in which incoming water volume requires that the blades spin to release an equal amount of water on the exiting side), a momentum-based approach is used. In the momentum-based approach, high-pressure water from the tap (typically ˜60 PSI) is accelerated through a narrow orifice (typically ˜0.1″ diameter). The exact size of this orifice is based on the target flowrate of the shower, as this orifice serves as the primary flow-restriction device for the shower. High-velocity water then hits the turbine blades 444 a, which are spaced such that the active blade never shadows an approaching blade from the high-velocity water stream. The turbine blades 444 a are also canted forming an angle theta 449 with the vertical axis 449 a, such that exiting water is deflected downward, toward the floor of the midframe, where it will ultimately exit to feed the showerhead nozzles 410.

As discussed above, the water pathway design is built around providing the largest change in pressure at the generator orifice and this is where energy is harvested from the pressurized water. The nozzles 410, on the other hand, are designed to enable a satisfactory shower experience with a minimal amount of back-pressure. The details of this energy breakdown can be shown via analysis of the flow coefficient (Cv) numbers, which are designed as follows:

The total Cv of the system is about 0.178, in order to provide about 1.55 GPM flow @ 80 PSI. The flow-range of interest falls between 1.5 GPM to 4.0 GPM.

-   -   1. Swivel ball (assuming 0.312″ diameter). Cv on this comes to         about 2.02     -   2. Solenoid valve: ideally use a low-resistance valve. Cv around         5.     -   3. Nozzles (assuming 0.035″ diameter*50 nozzles in parallel). Cv         on this comes to approximately 1.14 after all calculations.     -   4. Generator orifice: using the above numbers as given, along         with target system Cv, we back-solve for this and the result is         ˜0.18. This shows numerically that the generator orifice is the         biggest restriction in our overall system, which means that the         generator is the point at which the flow loses most of its         energy. If we use the 0.18 Cv for the generator to solve for         generator orifice diameter, we get about 0.093″.

To ensure the manufacturability of the device, it is critical that the water pathway from the solenoid valve 420 to the generator 440 is straight and smooth. In injection molding, this is done with an extended metal pin that defines the interior of the valve chamber and the pathway leading up to the generator. It is critical that these structures exist on the same axis to enable such a manufacturing technique.

As discussed above, the turbine blades 444 a are not completely perpendicular to the inline orifice 450. The angle theta 449 on the blade 444 a helps to ensure the water flow exits the generator without creating excessive turbulent flow inside the generator chamber. The angle 449 also ensures that the turbine blade 444 a itself remains pushed upward during use, against the bushing face which acts as a low-friction thrust bearing.

Both factors help to enhance generator performance, as extra turbulent flow or friction from non-lubricious surfaces would otherwise provide resistance to spinning and reduce power output.

The generator system 440 is built around a stationary stator 445 which is actually exterior to the water pathway. The generator cap 442 encapsulates and serves multiple purposes. Referring to FIG. 46, generator cap 442 provides an axial space 453 for receiving the rotor blade pin for the rotation of the turbine blade around the axis of rotation 455. Bushing 452 fits inside the axial space 453. Generator cap 442 also provides an exterior cavity 451 for the stator 445 to reside in. Cavity 451 is axially aligned with the axis of rotation 455. Generator cap 442 also provides a mating surface 456 which can be glued or ultrasonic welded to the plastic midframe 404 to create a high-pressure seal (IPX7 water tight performance).

As was described above, midframe 404 has a unique structure that enables the reliable and inexpensive integration of all of the key components that make the smart showerhead work. It combines all of these sub-systems (generator, sensors, valve) with a minimal number of O-rings, fasteners, and seals needed, and as a single plastic part that is injection-moldable, it is ready for large scale production.

As was mentioned above, the sensor suite 408 a, 408 b, 409 a, 409 b is designed to be located at the bottom of the showerhead during use. This ensures that, as much as possible, the viewing angle of the sensor is aligned with the user's body as opposed to only their heads. Bodies provide a greater volume for detection and a surface (user's skin) which is generally more reflective of IR than hair, which is why they are a superior detection target. The challenge with this design is that the sensors have to look through an active water stream, and could potentially have drops of water roll onto the sensor cover plate, thereby blocking its view. This could result in significant false positives, and generally hinders sensor performance. The solution to this problem involves extending the rubber nozzles 410 further out of plane 406 a by 2 mm or more, as shown in FIG. 47. The solution also involves using a hydrophobic material to form the nozzles 410. In one example, the nozzles 410 are made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Both factors, along with sharp nozzle edges, promote the formation of drops of water which fall directly off of the nozzles as opposed to rolling off of them, and down to the sensor cover.

In addition to the drip-formation strategy outlined above, the nozzle pattern design is constructed such that, despite being evenly spaced, there is a minimal number of nozzles directly in-line with the IR and VLS receivers of the sensor module 422, as shown in FIG. 48. In one example, the number of nozzles directly in-line with the sensors is one or two, as shown in area 460. This helps to limit the interference which can be caused by viewing a water stream, and furthermore reduces the chances of a water drop forming on the sensor cover in a position that would hinder performance. A scratch resistant and anti-condensation coating is also applied to the sensor cover, which further minimizes the noise from water dripping down, and ensures that the sensor cover is always clean and dry.

Several embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic showerhead device for automatically controlling water flow comprising: a body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve; a presence detector located within the body; a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the body, wherein the first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and wherein the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on; wherein subsequent interruption of a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream; and wherein the presence detector comprises an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).
 2. The electronic showerhead device of claim 1, wherein the IR proximity sensor comprises at least one IR emitter and at least one IR receiver and wherein the IR emitter emits a conically shaped IR presence interrogation light beam and the IR receiver detects IR light reflected by a person or an object interrupting the IR light beam and generates an IR receiver signal, and wherein presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a variation of the IR receiver signal.
 3. The electronic showerhead device of claim 2, wherein the visible light sensor detects ambient visible light and generates a VLS signal and wherein presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a variation of the VLS signal.
 4. The electronic showerhead device of claim 3, further comprising a computing processing unit (CPU) and an application comprising computer executable instructions configured to receive and compare the IR receiver signal and the VLS signal in order to determine presence of a person or an object within the presence interrogation beam area with high accuracy and reduced false negatives.
 5. The electronic showerhead device of claim 2, wherein the IR emitter is separated by the IR receiver by a distance of at least 1.5 cm.
 6. The electronic showerhead device of claim 2, wherein the IR proximity sensor and the VLS sensor are integrated in a sensor housing comprising light absorbing material.
 7. The electronic showerhead device of claim 6, wherein the sensor housing comprises a cover transparent to visible light.
 8. The electronic showerhead device of claim 1, further comprising an electronically controlled valve and wherein the electronically controlled valve is in-line with the first water channel and is activated by the presence detector.
 9. The electronic showerhead device of claim 1, further comprising a second water channel providing a secondary water stream exiting the body, wherein the second water channel is connected to the main water channel and wherein turning on the main water valve turns on only the secondary water stream, while the primary water stream remains off.
 10. The electronic showerhead device of claim 1, wherein the conically shaped IR presence interrogation beam comprises a cone angle in the range of 10 degrees to 45 degrees.
 11. A water delivering device for automatically controlling water flow comprising: a main body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve; a presence detector located within the main body; a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the main body, wherein the first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and wherein the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on; wherein subsequent interruption of a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream; and wherein the presence detector comprises an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).
 12. A method for automatically controlling water flow in an electronic showerhead device comprising: providing a body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve; providing a presence detector located within the body; providing a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the body, wherein the first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and wherein the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on; subsequently interrupting a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream; and wherein the presence detector comprises an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS).
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the IR proximity sensor comprises at least one IR emitter and at least one IR receiver and wherein the IR emitter emits a conically shaped IR presence interrogation light beam and the IR receiver detects IR light reflected by a person or an object interrupting the IR light beam and generates an IR receiver signal, and wherein presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a variation of the IR receiver signal.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the visible light sensor detects ambient visible light and generates a VLS signal and wherein presence of a person or an object is determined as a result of a reduction of the VLS signal.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising providing a computing processing unit (CPU) and an application comprising computer executable instructions configured to receive and compare the IR receiver signal and the VLS signal in order to determine presence of a person or an object within the presence interrogation beam area with high accuracy and reduced false negatives.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the IR emitter is separated by the IR receiver by a distance of at least 1.5 cm.
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the IR proximity sensor and the VLS sensor are integrated in a sensor housing comprising light absorbing material.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the sensor housing comprises a cover transparent to visible light.
 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing an electronically controlled valve and wherein the electronically controlled valve is in-line with the first water channel and is activated by the presence detector.
 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a second water channel providing a secondary water stream exiting the body, wherein the second water channel is connected to the main water channel and wherein turning on the main water valve turns on only the secondary water stream, while the primary water stream remains off.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the conically shaped IR presence interrogation beam comprises a cone angle in the range of 10 degrees to 45 degrees.
 22. A method for automatically controlling water flow in a water delivering device comprising: providing a main body configured to be connected to a main water channel via a main water valve; providing a presence detector; providing a first water channel providing a primary water stream exiting the main body, wherein the first water channel is connected to the main water channel, and wherein the primary water stream remains off when the main water valve is turned on; subsequently interrupting a presence interrogation beam area by a person or an object turns on the primary water stream; and wherein the presence detector comprises a combination of an infra-red (IR) proximity sensor and a visible light sensor (VLS). 